Answer questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

Answer questions - Essay Example These standards remain the bedrock of current administration hypothesis; late scientists have reï ¬ ned or created them to suit present day conditions and some portion of it is the utilization of data framework to make the management’s five exercises to be increasingly effective. These administration exercises include successful treatment of data and this is the place compelling data frameworks come in supportive. For instance, in playing out the controlling part of the executives, it would include taking care of different arrangement of data to check if certain measures are met underway, deals or different business work. Data framework will assist me with getting this data through a system and dealing with this monstrous measure of data will be simpler using data programming which would have been in any case relentless without the assistance of data framework. This makes me productive and ready to all the more successfully at a lesser time. Rules for its moral utilize anyway should be built up. Private data that identifies with the representative or data that doesn't identify with the activity must not be unveiled or utilized for other reason other than what it is expected. Innovation can be useful however can likewise be dangerous on the off chance that it isn't guided by moral thought. HTML represents Hypertext Markup Language. Tim Berners-Lee, an architect from CERN initially built up the possibility of HTML. The possibility of HTML came out of Berner-Lee’s dissatisfaction of signing on to various PCs just to get the data he required. He pondered that there must be a superior method to get a lot of data from various PCs which conceived an offspring the possibility of HTML. So the first idea of HTML was a hyper-text framework that associates organizing innovation and conventions to share data between PCs. From that point on, it later created to turn into the premise and crucial language of the internet or web (www.landofcode.com). It began with its

Wars of religion and consolidation in France

There were explicit timeframes in the memorable time of France when religion was a genuine issue for its residents. France was involved by the war on religion during very nearly four decades since 1562 up to 1598. There were three incredible times of the war which were held during 1562 †1576 (the initial segment of the war), 1572 †1588 (wars of religion and the Saint Bartholomew slaughter), and 1588 †1598 (wars of religion and the Edict of Nantes).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Wars of religion and solidification in France explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The fundamental powers in this war of religions were the Protestants, the Huguenots, the Catholics, who fought for control in France. Religion had never been a fundamental political instrument until 1562? In any case, during the further 40 years religion became significant factor for policy centered issues. Battling for mastery, rulers did utilized religion as the instrument yet not as the last motivation behind the wars, the principle reasons of which were the budgetary, auxiliary and character shortcomings of the government, factional contention between the significant groups of France who upheld distinctive strict admissions, and financial downturn. Appearance family, the Bourbons and the Montmorency-Chatillons were three families which battled for the mastery in the nation. As indicated by the heredity, Catherine de Medici took the seat and her Catholic perspectives were bolstered by the Guise family who were nor happy with the expansion of the Protestants impact and drove a military against a protestant church in Champagne. Catherine de Medici was keen on keeping up balance between these two religions, in any case, it was not in light of a legitimate concern for Guise family who needed to pick up the force in the nation. Be that as it may, Catherine de Medici figured out how to discover the harmony among Catholics and Protestants in 1570, in any c ase, the war was continued in 1572 by executing a few thousand Huguenots in Paris. In this way, the third religion was engaged with the war. The wars between such powers as Protestants, Catholics and Huguenots finished in 158 when â€Å"the Edict of Nantes conceded opportunity of love to the entire of France† (Wars of Religion in France). The mark of the Treaty of Vervins among France and Spain totally completed the wars of religion in the nation. Attempting to break down the genuine purposes behind the wars, clearly e first war of religion was brought about by the political resistance of the incredible powers in the nation. The second war of religion more reminded the national revolt for freedom and just the third war might be considered as a genuine war of religion as at that point the showdown between various religions was truly destroying and something ought to be done to adjust those (Kingdon 170).Advertising Looking for paper on history? How about we check whether we ca n support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The last phase of the religions war was incited by the authorization for Protestants to follow their strict groups wherever in France aside from Paris. Numerous sides in the nation were disappointed with the choices. Holt Concludes that â€Å"the genuine heritage of the French Wars of religion, in any case, was that this talk of absolutism existed together with the expanded social polarization among rich and poor that came about because of the common wars themselves† (Holt 222). Attempting to rethink the occasions which occurred in France during the wars of religion, it is conceivable to reason that the protracted war period was crated by the rulers and their failure to keep up request in the general public. Battling for the force and the seat, rulers disregarded individuals and their needs. The wars of religion were conceivable just when the crown was shared and one political force won (Knecht 90). This case bolster s once again the possibility that religion is normally utilized as the force for administering individuals in close to home political games. Thinking about the aftereffect of the wars, a few people may believe that the Edict of Nantes and the Treaty of Vervins figured out how to take care of the strict issues. In any case, this isn't generally right as these measures were taken to stop dynamic war activities (as the political forces didn't require this instrument in their fight any more) and reestablish the attack of Catholic thoughts through the nation. In this manner, it might be presumed that the wars of religion in France were only the political instrument in hands of rulers. Attempting to fathom individual issues, the amazing groups of France showed up before the decision of the battling technique. Some extra issues which might be considered as the pushing parts of the undertaking simply bolstered the longing of the ground-breaking families to utilize religion as the methods fo r making individuals propelled by the thought and to battle for the interests of a solid political force. It ought to be expressed that strict issues consistently exist and there is no nation where the issue of religion isn't put at edge, in any case, a few governments figure out how to keep up balance between various religions in the nation to ensure that all residents stay fulfilled, However, on the off chance that one wants to utilize religion as the instrument, he/she can generally do it being propelled by the incredible case of the wars of religion in France between 1562-1598. Works Cited Holt, Mack P. The French Wars of Religion, 1562-1629, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Print. Kingdon, Robert McCune. Geneva and the Consolidation of the French Protestant Movement, 1564-1572: A Contribution to the History of Congregationalism, Presbyterianism and Calvinist Resistance Theory. New York: Librairie Droz, 1967. Print.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Wars of religion and union in France explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Knecht, Robert. The French Religious Wars 1562-1598. New York: Osprey Publishing, 2002. Print. â€Å"Wars of Religion in France.† France This Way, 2012, web, 11 Sept. 2012, https://www.francethisway.com/history/warsofreligion-a.php This article on Wars of religion and combination in France was composed and put together by client Sasha Carroll to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

Lolita, Estella, Lana, and Me

Lolita, Estella, Lana, and Me “This is probably way too personal,” is a thing I think quite frequently when writing for the internet. “You never know who might be reading it.” Which is both a good thing and a bad thing, really, because sure, someone it’s vaguely about could be reading itbut so could someone who feels it’s about them, and isn’t that much more important? I think it is, so here I am, about to tell you stuff about my life that I really don’t talk about, only writewritewrite. Remember the first time you read something that reminded you of something else you’d read? It was long before you learned the word intertextuality, I’m sure (at least, it was for me). For me, it was the same moment I realized that I had read enough that such a thing could finally happen. I mean, okay, in my case I was 13 and it was the title of Tori Amos’s Boys for Pele  that reminded  me of a Sweet Valley Twins Super Edition called The Unicorns Go Hawaiian; still, I felt pretty cool because I had learned from the book that Pele was a volcano goddess and understood on a very basic level what Boys for Pele meant. The title, not the album; I was waaaayyy too young for that album when I bought it, thank goddess, or I might not have loved it as hard as I did. Anyway. On to the personal. When I first read Lolita, I was 21. When I first read Great Expectations, I was 16. When I first heard Lana Del Rey, I was 28. I’m far from a Lana fangirl, but  I feel like I get her persona because to me, it’s a character that couldn’t exist without Lolita and Estella. She became the link between the Nabokov, the Dickens, and my own history, somehow; now I can’t separate her from them. It’s just math, really: Lolita + Estella + Lana = me, for a highly formative five-year period of my life. I should be very thankful that it’s not me now at all, now that I’m happily married and just sitting around crocheting and reading books and hiding from excitement as best I can; not me now, finally feeling healed and alive and strong instead of sad and broken and Interestingâ„¢. I cringe now when I think about being 16, being 21, and the time in between when I was so busy playing characters that I’m only just now getting around to processing what really happene d (in writing of course, the way I process everything). I cringe, and I write, and I put it on the internet. *** As a survivor of a very specific type of psychological and physical violence from a young age until a slightly less-young age, I adopted the persona of a girl who could take it. I stood up and fought back, but never enough to deter the perpetrators from striking again. And again. And again. Bruised and sore, I was, but never ever willing to back down from a fight. I even convinced myself that I provoked the fights just to prove how tough I was. Tough as nails, rough as pine bark. In control, in other words. But no: nice, sugar and spice, a powder puff, a teary-eyed  puddlebut only in private. When I first read Lolita, I intentionally read her as the same, to console myself, to lift myself up and share a pedestal with this idealized-but-victimized young girl. That’s what my 21-year-old self needed, flooded as I was with memories I had no idea what to do with; flooded as I had been for five fucking years with all the awfulness I’d repressed. I needed to be idealized, and had been; we’ll get to that. I needed a pedestal because how else could I be sure everyone was looking at me, but only at the carefully-constructed version I wanted them to see. Let’s go back, shall we, even further? When I was 16, I liked a guy. I can’t call him a boy, really, because he was much older, but “man” doesn’t feel right either. I can’t call it like, really, because it turned much bigger and darker. He gave me Wuthering Heights. From there, I went to Jane Eyre and promptly to Dickens. Of course, it helped me along that path when, in 1998, Tori Amos had a song on the soundtrack to the Ethan Hawke/Gwyneth Paltrow abomination  adaptation of Great Expectations. (I actually like that film just fine, but I know I’m not really supposed to.) I paraded myself in front of this guy as much as I could. I preened. I acted out, but only when he was looking. I faked sending flirtatious AOL IMs (it was the late 90s) “to the wrong person, oops, sorry!” You know, to test the water. I wanted him to desire me, to think me wise beyond my years, an old soul, so much smarter than he was at my ageall those things older men should never say to teenage girls but always do anyway. Still, those words were all I was hungry for, and when I finally got them, mere days (okay, nights) shy of my eighteenth birthday, I had no idea what to do with them. When he invited me to his house, I pulled back. This is when he called me Estella for the first time, and I thought that actually, pulling back was showing him I was in control. It implied that he had invested something in me, maybe just lust and maybe a hefty dose of perversity, and that I had the ability to refuse him what he wanted (sex) when I realized he wasn’t going to reciprocate in the way I wanted him to (with love). I needn’t reveal more to get my point across. I hope he doesn’t read this and know himself immediately. I hope he does. That whole era of my life, those two years and the three-yes-three it took to move on, feels like something out of a book. Actually, it is technically  in a book because I wrote literally hundreds of poems about it all, and more. I was prepared in a couple of unique ways, at least, to accept the character Lana Del Rey embodies in her songs. It’s been argued that she glorifies violence against women, that she’s the ultimate poseur, that she plain sucks, and so on. I don’t really keep up with her outside of her music, honestly, so I don’t have opinions on those things. (As a semi-ranty aside, I will say that, while I know she has distanced herself from feminism, it actually hurts rather than helps when other women tear her down for that. We should be asking what feminism is doing wrong that alienates women like her.) All I know is that so many of Lana’s lyrics perfectly narrate my feelings for The Guy. He wasn’t as old as Humbert, and he wasn’t rich like a skeezy old man  in a LDR song, but I’m a little shocked he didn’t quote “light of my life, fire of my loins” at me at some point. The more damaged I painted myself to be, the more interested he became. As if all my past experiences led to me being just exactlywhat?desperate unhinged appealingly crazy enough to give him what he wanted. I persisted; I held back. I took so I could refuse to give. When  Lana Del Rey released Ultraviolence earlier this year, immediately the play on words struck me: Is she trying to talk about the level of violence that’s there but invisible, like ultraviolet light? Verbal abuse. Sexual coercion without physical force. Psychological torture. Everything unnameable and evil that never leaves a bruise, never brings blood, never mars the surface. She sings “he hit me and it felt like a kiss,” sounding disturbingly disaffected, in the voice of a woman who is as accustomed to violence as other women are to affection. She tells herself a man is shitty to her because “I’m pretty when I cry.” She is as trapped as Lolita, as disillusioned as Estella. She’s a link between the two that makes sense to me because of my strained relationship with them both. *** Hi, I’m an open book built of other books, of music and poetry, and especially of the too-personal, rambling essays I’m fond of putting on the internet. I want to know whose words you’re made of, so tell me in the comments.

Affects on Children of Divorced Parents - 1714 Words

Affects on Children of Divorced Parents The topic of the term paper is children of divorced parents. We will look at how divorce affects children from a variety of age groups and genders as well as how they are affected during and after the divorce. There is not a lot of history of research and study surrounding this particular topic. Most has been within the past two decades. Which make sense, since the divorce rate has skyrocketed in very recent history. We will start by examining the affects that the actual divorce process has on children. During this traumatic time, children will tend to pick up on all of the negative behaviors that the parents are exuding. Parental discord can actually be more disturbing to a child than†¦show more content†¦This is something I never would have guessed. Marital disruption will lower a boy’s math and reading performances, which is not the case for girls. Also, boys’ have a higher drop out rate and behavior problems than girls. In addition, children of divorce, predominantly boys, evidenced higher frequencies of dependency, discourteous talk, withdrawal, blaming, as well as carelessness, decreased work ethic, inappropriate behavior, unhappiness and maladaptive symptoms. Usually girls’ difficulties occur preceding the divorce and don’t change substantially after the divorce, while boy’s difficulties increased after the divorce, mainly for substance abu se. For girls, they will manifest distress in ways that are more complicated to observe, like by becoming extra anxious, depressed, or exhibiting over controlled â€Å"good† behavior. After the divorce when parents tend to move, this can be a very critical time for the child. Depending on the age at the time they can either see effects from this immediately or later in the child’s development. When parents move more than an hour away from one another is when it tends to affect the children the most. Students from families where one parent has moved typically received less financial support and they worried more about this support and felt more aggression in their interpersonal relations. They also suffered more distress related to the parent’s divorce and perceived their parentsShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Divorce On Children From Divorced Parents And Intact Families Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pagesend in a divorce. Is this high divorce rate affecting th e children from these divorced families, and if so how is it affecting the children? Or what if a married couple who is unhappy decides to stay together for the children? How does an intact but unhappy family affect the children? So to answer your questions Dr. Phil, I have put together a report from many different books, articles and studies on the effects on a child from a divorced family compared to an intact but an unhappy family. Then IRead MoreWill Children Of Divorce Be Doomed? Their Own Relationships?1414 Words   |  6 PagesKelsey Huffine English Amy Tibbals 12 April 2016 Will Children of Divorce Be Doomed in Their Own Relationships In today’s society divorce is very common. We hear people talk about all the time how children with divorced parents are most likely to fail in their own relationships. So do they? I believe that it can effect your future. I think that whether or not you fail in a relationship it is going to effect you in other aspects of your relationship either making you fail or beating the odds andRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Children And The Association With Children s Self Esteem By Kim Bastaits1466 Words   |  6 Pagesof divorce. My parents got divorced when I was around five years old. I’m always very interested in the affects divorce has on children, since I am one. Our society has changed to mostly accept divorce. I think divorce is related to the course material because it’s happening a lot in our society; sociology is the study of social behavior, organization, and development. I’m interested in how divorced fathers affect their children’s future . In the research paper, Parenting of Divorced Fathers and theRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Children And Children1255 Words   |  6 Pagesdivorce on children Throughout time, people from all over the world have chosen to live together, or â€Å"get married†. Marriage is a beautiful thing, but there are some couples who are unable to maintain their relationship, because they choose divorce as a solution to cope with the problems between husband and wife. Although divorce can be solution to cope with problem between the husband and wife, it still has dangerous effects especially on their children. Children with divorced parents are vulnerableRead MoreDivorce Where Children Are Involved Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pagesbecome a major part of our society and affects many people every year. In some instances of divorce, families have been torn apart leaving children stuck in the middle of conflict. This is where children start lashing out at their parents and everyone around them and it is because they are hurt and out of their comfort zone. One cannot forget about the children that divorce affects in a negative way. However, this is not always the case. There are children of divorce that get through it relativelyRead MoreDivorce : Why It Affects Children More Than Adults872 Words   |  4 PagesDivorce: Why It Affects Children More Than Adults In today’s world many things affect children way more than it will adults. Children, while younger, are more vulnerable than adults are, and they have more potential to become â€Å"corrupted†. Divorce is one of the many occurrences that definitely affects children way more than adults. Divorce affects the adults with money issues, loss of a partner, and the lifestyle of the adult and with over â€Å"fifty percent of marriages† (Corcoran 1997) ending in divorceRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Father Child Relationships788 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity of Amsterdam, was interested in how early divorce in a child s life could affect the relationship between a father and an adult child. He asked how frequent they saw their father and about what condition the relationship is at after the divorce. â€Å"The goal of this study was to compare children whose parents divorced during childhood (i.e., when the children were living at home) to children whose parents r emained married during childhood† (Kalmijn, 923). Matthijs found high negative effectsRead MoreHow Divorce Has Changed Changing Society1491 Words   |  6 Pagesview of marriage caused divorce to be perceived as a stigma. Divorce in earlier generations was not granted by the court system unless there were extenuating circumstances (Evolution). For example, if the woman in the marriage was unable to conceive children the divorce would be granted to the man. This remained the standard practice until the 1970’s with the introduction of â€Å"no-fault divorces† (Croteau). â€Å"No-fault† divorces were divorces granted to a family based solely on the request of one of theRead MoreThe Problem Of Divorce Parents853 Words   |  4 Pagesschool. Many things carry on from both parents to affect their kids at school and in their future relationships. Divorces do not just affect the parents it affects kids a lot as well because sometimes they are stuck in the middle on what to do. During a divorce parents are not the only ones involved, children are just as important. Parents still have to communicate after the divorce for the homework and other school activities. †Much of what divorced parents need to communicate about is logistical:Read MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Children And Teens1402 Words   |  6 Pageshappenings in the world experienced by children. Most children go through different adjustments to become comfortable with the fact that their parents are not together anymore. Children of divorced parents are prone to lifelong effects. Seventy-five to eighty percent of children have divorced parents and twenty-five percent of those children have serious social, emotional, or psychological problems for the rest of their life. Most adults think that it is best for parents to stay together for the sake of

No Criminal Situation Should Be Treated The Same - 942 Words

No criminal situation should be treated the same. Consequences for crimes should be developed based on several factors. It is safe to say what works for one situation might not work for another. There are different concepts when it comes to dealing with juvenile offenders. Those concepts are treatment (rehabilitative) and punishment (punitive). The treatment or rehabilitative concept is defined as follows: The idea of rehabilitation lays on the presumption that criminal conduct is brought about by some component. This point of view does not deny that individuals settle on decisions to infringe upon the law, however it asserts that these decisions are not a matter of pure free will. Instead, the choice to perpetrate a wrongdoing is held to be resolved, or possibly intensely affected, by a man s social surroundings, mental improvement, or biological makeup. Individuals are not all the same—and along these lines allowed to express their will—but instead are distinctive. Th ese individual differences shape how individuals carry on, including whether they are prone to infringe upon the law. At the point when individuals are portrayed by different criminogenic risk factors, for example, an absence of parental love and supervision, peer pressure, antisocial values; they more likely to be included in wrongdoing than individuals not having these experiences and traits. â€Å"Punishment, in criminal law, any pain, penalty, suffering, or confinement inflicted upon a person by theShow MoreRelatedWe All Know That The U.s.1314 Words   |  6 PagesMichael Brown’s case should not be a great example of America’s ideas on race and social classes order, as well as the role of law enforcement since the case is questionable and controversial. Besides that, I think that Loury is surely right when he points out that our communities must be maintained safely from the criminal acts, and people should be treated equally by the law. Also, police officers who are working to serve communities need to protect themselves when criminals intend to harm themRead MoreReflective Paper On Moral Responsibility1507 Words   |  7 Pages Reflective Paper Regarding Moral Responsibility of Rehabilitating Criminals Dalia M Al-Rubaye Parkdale High School Abstract This paper is generally about the correlation between moral responsibility and rehabilitation. Moral responsibility was examined in the context of criminals and ordinary people. What brings about a crime, and what impels an individuals to commit an action that he realizes is wrong. Also, the concept of rehabilitation and the way in which it is applied were examinedRead MoreGender Differences and the Criminal Justice System683 Words   |  3 PagesGender and the Criminal Justice System It would be foolish to assert that gender plays no role in the criminal justice system, just as it would be equally foolish to say that race plays no role in this system either. Covington and Bloom cite the work of Kivel (1992) in reminding all that Where sexism is prevalent, one of the gender dynamics frequently found is that something declared genderless or gender neutral is, in fact, male oriented. The same phenomenon occurs in terms of race in a racistRead MoreJuveniles Treated Like Adults Essays1330 Words   |  6 Pagesextent. What can be done about it? The best answer I can think of is to treat juveniles like adults. They have just as much responsibility and knowledge of their actions just as adults do, so they deserve the same punishment if they commit the same crime. Believe it or not, teens commit the same level of crimes that adults commit. Crimes will get even worse in the future if nothing is strictly done about the unnecessary violent actions. An idea to prevent the c rimes from continuing is to punish juvenilesRead MoreAnalyzing Ethics in the US Legal System1351 Words   |  6 Pagesconduct. Acting with morality is not the strong suit of the U.S. government, especially when it comes to the incarceration of dangerous criminals. Two of the issues that can be seen are the death penalty and the life sentence. Both controversial, it is hard to find a definite, concrete method that makes logical and ethical sense both to the public and the criminal. However, the current protocol takes ‘Cruel and Unusual Punishment’ to a new level. In terms of life sentence, the conditions are not humaneRead MoreCriminal Justice : Should All Criminals Be Treated The Same?1472 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Justice: Should All Criminals be Treated the Same In 2009, the FBI states that 11 percent of all violent crime clearances and seventeen percent property crime clearances involved only youth (qtd. in Campaign for Youth Justice). Meaning that a little over eighty percent of all crime was done by adults. The FBI also notes that the rate of adult crime has only gone down one percent over the past decade, as where juvenile crime has gone down more than twenty percent (qtd. in CampaignRead MoreEthical Decision Making990 Words   |  4 PagesSTRAYER UNIVERSITY CRJ 220 ETHICS amp; LEADERSHIP IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROFESSOR: JASON DOUGLAS Philosophical Approach to Ethical Decision Making Tasha L. Thomas 01/22/2012 Abstract Ethics is the branch of philosophy that examines questions of morality, or right and wrong. In this paper we will discuss the philosophical approaches used in ethical decision making. The two approaches that will be elaborated on are the utilitarian approach and the universal approach. Several questions willRead MoreThe Relationship Between Educated And Non Educated People Within Social Diverse Groups1074 Words   |  5 Pagesnon-educated people within social diverse groups. I chose this topic because I wanted to understand people opinion and attitudes towards people convicted criminals and how the court system may influence this decision. I believe it is the first step to understand why people are prejudice, racist, and why they think of committing crime. The treatment of criminals is a very big issue in today s society. Most Americans will encounter the court system in some shape or form in their lifetime. Our judicial systemRead MoreThe Criminal Justice And How They Have Evolved After Taking This Class1175 Words   |  5 Pagespaper, I will review what my initial thoughts on the criminal justice and how they have evolved after taking this class. When I first came into this class my original definition of justice was â€Å"everyone in society should be treated equally, fairly and with respect no matter what.† After going through this course and seeing different perspectives I feel that my definition has stayed the same. It covers a broad idea of how people should be treated but is specific enough for everyone to know what itRead MoreRestorative Justice And Reducing Prison Population1495 Words   |  6 PagesRestorative Justice to Reduce Prison Population Is long-term incarceration working to resolve issues of criminal conduct? When considering the population of people incarcerated is rising at an alarming rate and crime statistics not dropping by much, it is hard to tell if incarceration is working in these modern times. The United States prison population is the largest in the world. In fact, the United States has 2.3 million persons in institutions which is more than the rest of the world combined

History of Indian Airlines Free Essays

Brief History of Indian Airlines India’s chiefly domestic state-owned carrier, Indian Airlines Ltd. , flies passengers and cargo to 59 domestic and 16 international destinations. Its fleet numbered 52 aircraft in 2000. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Indian Airlines or any similar topic only for you Order Now Indian Airlines has traditionally based its network around the four main hubs of Delhi, Mumbai (formerly Bombay), Calcutta, and Chennai (formerly Madras). The airline carries about six million passengers a year and has a substantial freight operation. Origins The Air Corporations Act of 1953 amalgamated India’s dozen or so airlines, most of them undercapitalized, into two nationalized air carriers: Air-India Ltd. given responsibility for international routes, and Indian Airlines Corporation (IAC), the domestic airline. The eight airlines that were amalgamated into IAC included Air Services of India Ltd. , Airways (India) Ltd. , Bharat Airways Ltd. , Deccan Airways Ltd. (already 70 percent government-owned), Himalayan Aviation Ltd. , Indian National Airways Ltd. , Kalinga Airlines, Ltd. , plus the domestic operations of Air-India Ltd. IAC began operations with a fleet of 74 of the war surplus Douglas DC-3s that had founded its short-lived predecessors. The airline also had thr ee times as many employees as it needed, writes R. E. G. Davies, a situation that was slow to change due to the government’s refusal to allow layoffs. Davies also writes that the standard of maintenance was low and the airline suffered many accidents in its early years. IAC soon moved to bolster its fleet by ordering a few new de Havilland 114 Herons, retired after only a couple of years of service, and Vickers Viscount 768s, which were assigned to trunk routes. The DC-3s continued to supply feeder traffic; they soon began to be phased out by Fokker F-27s and Avro 748s. IAC began flying short-haul jets–French-made Caravelles–in the mid-1960s. The Caravelles were so popular that IAC soon needed larger jets to on the routes between Bombay (Mumbai), Delhi, Calcutta, and Madras (Chennai) that formed the India’s domestic trunk network. IAC’s first Boeing 737s entered service in 1971. Between 1962 and 1972, IAC was called upon to support the military in several campaigns, first in skirmishes with China, and later with the wars with Pakistan that ultimately led to the creation of Bangladesh. Confidence and Crisis in the 1970s and 1980s IAC announced a Rs45 million loss for 1972. The next year, the company had several incidents of aircraft damage or loss. Labor unrest, high fuel costs, political burdens, and built-in inefficiencies added to the company’s problems. However, these were met with such resolve that IAC had the confidence to order its first wide-body jets, Airbus A300s, in 1975. A program to produce ground support equipment in Indian factories was part of the deal. In 1976, new routes stretched across political divisions to Kabul, Afghanistan, in the northwest, and the Maldive Islands in the south. The government allowed the formation of a few new limited service airlines in the 1970s: Air Works India, Huns Air, and Goldensun Aviation. None of them had long life spans. Around 1979, IAC dropped the word â€Å"Corporation† from its name. Another national airline, Vayudoot, was formed in 1981 and tasked with carrying feeder traffic from India’s smaller communities. Indian Airlines’ managing director, Gerry Pais, was Vayudoot’s part-time chairman. Vayudoot was serving more than 100 destinations within India by 1990. The government also set up a helicopter corporation to serve off-shore oil fields. Britain’s  Financial Times  described Indian Airlines as the world’s third largest domestic carrier in the mid-1980s. With business growing at better than ten percent a year, it was increasing its capacity. Indian Airlines ordered a dozen of the new Boeing 757s in August 1984. After Rajiv Gandhi, a former Indian Airlines pilot, became prime minister, this order was changed to Airbus A320s due to what were perceived as political reasons. However, the crash of an Indian Airlines A320 in Bangalore on February 14, 1990–the type’s second major crash globally in a two-year period–sorely tested management’s faith in the plane, which featured new fly-by-wire flight controls and electronic cockpit instrumentation. As part of a plan to merge Indian Airlines with Air-India, the state’s international carrier, two leading young industrialists were appointed to chair the boards of the two companies in autumn 1986. Neither these plans nor the new chairmen lasted very long. In 1987, Indian Airlines carried 10 million passengers and earned a profit of Rs630 million ($48 million). However, the quality of its service was facing criticism, to be heightened by the coming entry of new carriers into the market. India’s chiefly domestic state-owned carrier, Indian Airlines Ltd. flies passengers and cargo to 59 domestic and 16 international destinations. Its fleet numbered 52 aircraft in 2000. Indian Airlines has traditionally based its network around the four main hubs of Delhi, Mumbai (formerly Bombay), Calcutta, and Chennai (formerly Madras). The airline carries about six million passengers a year and has a substantial freight operation. Origins The Air Corporations Act of 1953 amalgamated In dia’s dozen or so airlines, most of them undercapitalized, into two nationalized air carriers: Air-India Ltd. given responsibility for international routes, and Indian Airlines Corporation (IAC), the domestic airline. The eight airlines that were amalgamated into IAC included Air Services of India Ltd. , Airways (India) Ltd. , Bharat Airways Ltd. , Deccan Airways Ltd. (already 70 percent government-owned), Himalayan Aviation Ltd. , Indian National Airways Ltd. , Kalinga Airlines, Ltd. , plus the domestic operations of Air-India Ltd. IAC began operations with a fleet of 74 of the war surplus Douglas DC-3s that had founded its short-lived predecessors. The airline also had three times as many employees as it needed, writes R. E. G. Davies, a situation that was slow to change due to the government’s refusal to allow layoffs. Davies also writes that the standard of maintenance was low and the airline suffered many accidents in its early years. IAC soon moved to bolster its fleet by ordering a few new de Havilland 114 Herons, retired after only a couple of years of service, and Vickers Viscount 768s, which were assigned to trunk routes. The DC-3s continued to supply feeder traffic; they soon began to be phased out by Fokker F-27s and Avro 748s. IAC began flying short-haul jets–French-made Caravelles–in the mid-1960s. The Caravelles were so popular that IAC soon needed larger jets to on the routes between Bombay (Mumbai), Delhi, Calcutta, and Madras (Chennai) that formed the India’s domestic trunk network. IAC’s first Boeing 737s entered service in 1971. Between 1962 and 1972, IAC was called upon to support the military in several campaigns, first in skirmishes with China, and later with the wars with Pakistan that ultimately led to the creation of Bangladesh. Confidence and Crisis in the 1970s and 1980s IAC announced a Rs45 million loss for 1972. The next year, the company had several incidents of aircraft damage or loss. Labor unrest, high fuel costs, political burdens, and built-in inefficiencies added to the company’s problems. However, these were met with such resolve that IAC had the confidence to order its first wide-body jets, Airbus A300s, in 1975. A program to produce ground support equipment in Indian factories was part of the deal. In 1976, new routes stretched across political divisions to Kabul, Afghanistan, in the northwest, and the Maldive Islands in the south. The government allowed the formation of a few new limited service airlines in the 1970s: Air Works India, Huns Air, and Goldensun Aviation. None of them had long life spans. Around 1979, IAC dropped the word â€Å"Corporation† from its name. Another national airline, Vayudoot, was formed in 1981 and tasked with carrying feeder traffic from India’s smaller communities. Indian Airlines’ managing director, Gerry Pais, was Vayudoot’s part-time chairman. Vayudoot was serving more than 100 destinations within India by 1990. The government also set up a helicopter corporation to serve off-shore oil fields. Britain’s  Financial Times  described Indian Airlines as the world’s third largest domestic carrier in the mid-1980s. With business growing at better than ten percent a year, it was increasing its capacity. Indian Airlines ordered a dozen of the new Boeing 757s in August 1984. After Rajiv Gandhi, a former Indian Airlines pilot, became prime minister, this order was changed to Airbus A320s due to what were perceived as political reasons. However, the crash of an Indian Airlines A320 in Bangalore on February 14, 1990–the type’s second major crash globally in a two-year period–sorely tested management’s faith in the plane, which featured new fly-by-wire flight controls and electronic cockpit instrumentation. As part of a plan to merge Indian Airlines with Air-India, the state’s international carrier, two leading young industrialists were appointed to chair the boards of the two companies in autumn 1986. Neither these plans nor the new chairmen lasted very long. In 1987, Indian Airlines carried 10 million passengers and earned a profit of Rs630 million ($48 million). However, the quality of its service was facing criticism, to be heightened by the coming entry of new carriers into the market. Chronology * Key Dates: * 1953:  Indian Airlines is formed as India’s domestic airline. * 1965:  Short-haul Caravelle jets enter the fleet. * 1972:  IAC records a rare loss. * 1975:  The company orders its first widebody jets. * 1992:  India’s domestic air market is deregulated. * 1998:  Plans to merge Indian Airlines with Air-India are drawn up but not approved. 2001:  The Indian government solicits bidders for partial ownership of Indian Airlines. Additional Details * State-Owned Company * Incorporated:  1953 as Indian Airlines Corporation * Employees:  22,500 * Sales:  Rs 3,755 crore ($1 billion) (2001) * NAIC:  481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; 481211 Nonsc heduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; 481212 Nonscheduled Chartered Freight Air Transportationhttp://www. referenceforbusiness. com/history2/65/Indian-Airlines-Ltd. html#ixzz2DAhNxQo5 How to cite History of Indian Airlines, Essay examples

Effective Leadership Styles

Question: How does ego relate to these forms of leadership? Answer: In the ted talk The rarest commodity is leadership without ego, the presenter Bob Davids emphasizes on the importance of formation of an egoless culture. By referring to his personal experience he tries to emphasize on the fact that in the present organizational structures there are prevalence of managers but there is scarcity of leaders. In order to explain the issue in an in-depth manner he refers to Bob Townsends Up the organization and his interaction with Bob Townsend in order to establish the fact that organizational structure in the present times lacks the present of effective leaders but consists of numbers of managers (Townsend, 1970). With the help of the above mentioned reference, he also tries to provide the audience with supporting evidences to establish the fact that the two concept- management and leadership are completely different perspectives. In the opinion of Bob Davids, the concept of management can be considered as equivalent to control. In the context of business, the concept of management consists of triple constraints of management- quality, time and price. In his opinion if either one of the three concepts are given preference then it create complications and the other two will suffer, resulting in affecting the all entire outcome or end product adversely. He elaborated the concept in further detailing band stated that if the aspect of quality is given preference as compared to the other two concepts i.e. time and money then it will result in not only affecting the two concepts adversely but will also lead to increased requirement of time and money, which will be required to form a better quality. Similarly if the dimension of price is given preference and it is made the determining factor for any product then it will result in comprising and with the dimension of quality and compromise will have to be done in term s of the quality of the product as efforts will be made to make the product cheaper that will evidently lead to negative impact on the aspect of quality (Davids, 2012). Likewise, if the aspect of time will be given priority then it will result in the requirement of more money and at the same time the aspect of quality will be compromised. The reason behind this is the managerial fact that in order to perform any activity at a faster pace, then more resources will be naturally required and performing any activity at a faster pace would imply an adverse impact on the aspect of quality as well. Thus in the opinion of Bob Davids, management would naturally imply control and the interplay of the triple constraints of business i.e. time, quality and money plays an important role in its operation. In his opinion, the main difference of the two concepts is on the fact that in case of operation leadership people come under its operation or functioning. Another dimension of the difference between the two concepts is that in case of management a push factor is always operative, which is used to take the people or team members to a direction. But the perspective to consider in this regard is the fact that, when the push factor is used to control the people as in case of management, then there is no assurance or certainty as to in which direction they will move due to the use of the push factor. But in case of leadership it is essential on the part of the leader to have the skill of making others follow the leader. Having this skill ascertains the direction in which the targeted follower will move, thus providing the particular motive or activity a concrete direction or plan of action (Davids, 2012). He further states in the ted talk that in order to make the people follow and be an effective leader, it is essential on the part of the leader to go down at the level of the followers, step in their shoes and exercise power sharing policies. It is also required to not only provide the followers with the power but also to provide the followers with the required support so that they can effectively exercise the provided power. As a result of incorporation of the above mentioned aspects in the operation of leadership, the followers will naturally provide the leaders with their effective and equal amount of input, in terms of the provided or shared amount of power. On the contrary, restricting power or reducing the amount of shared power will naturally result in reduced input on the part of the followers. Thus, in turn the power that is going to return to the leaders from the followers is going to make the position of the leaders shaky and also result in his or her losing of the position. He concluded by stating that the aspect of leadership is of great importance or value that is very rare. Any individual either have the quality or gift or he or dont have it (Adamek, 2007). There is no other way of achieving it, in his opinion it can only be polished with the help of the above mentioned qualities. He further made the statement that the crucial aspect on the part of an effective leader to be in constant touch of the people that he or she leads and experience them in order explain which he provided the audience with his personal experience of working in China where he gained success because of experiencing and going at the level of the works, thus establishing the above mentioned concept. From the above made discussion and analysis of the ted talk presented by Bob Davids, it can be clearly stated that he is completely against leadership styles like autocratic or transactional ones and makes an attempt to promote leadership styles that are transformative and participative in nature. Thus it can be clearly highlighted that he is in support of leadership style like participative leadership. In this form of leadership a democratic style is emphasized where the employees or team members are constantly encouraged and they are prompted to provide with their inputs. Thus in this kind of leadership style, the people or team members are given out most importance (Johnson, 2016). In this context, the example provided in the ted talk of Ronal Regan can be stated where he used to consider the requirements and needs of his employees. The above mentioned discussion also indicates a support to the Servant Leadership style where the interest of the followers are given outmost importance and aspects like trust, power sharing, fairness and selflessness are exercised in the relationship between the leader and the follower (Johannsen, 2014). In this context the example of Mahatma Gandhi as provided in the ted talk can be mentioned where, selflessness, power sharing and absence of any kind of ego are the main components of the leadership pattern. Thus the absence of ego and power sharing, in the opinion of Bob Davids are the main components of leadership. References Adamek, M. (2007). Elements of Leadership Development: What Contributes to Effective Leadership?. Music Therapy Perspectives, 25(2), pp.121-124. Davids, B. (2012). The rarest commodity is leadership without ego. [video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com [Accessed 1 Jun. 2016]. Johannsen, M. (2014). Legacee: TYPES OF LEADERSHIP STYLES. [online] Legacee. Available at: https://www.legacee.com [Accessed 1 Jun. 2016]. Johnson, R. (2016). Small Business. [online] Smallbusiness.chron.com. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/ [Accessed 1 Jun. 2016]. Townsend, R. (1970). Up the organization. New York: Knopf.